A reference check is a structured conversation with a named former manager or colleague to verify a candidate's employment history, responsibilities, performance, and conduct. It usually takes place late in the recruitment process, once the employer intends to make an offer or has done so subject to references.
Under Dutch data-protection rules, the AVG applies in full. The employer or recruiter must have a lawful basis, which in practice means explicit consent from the candidate, including the names and contact details of the referees. Questions must be relevant to the role, proportionate, and limited to professional context. Sensitive data such as health or union membership is off-limits, and information obtained outside the agreed scope should not be recorded.
The Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens expects employers to inform candidates about the purpose of the check, to document the outcome briefly and factually, and to apply appropriate retention limits. Well-run reference checks reduce hiring risk without compromising candidate rights.